By Maria Cristina Annesini, Luigi Marrelli, Vincenzo Piemonte, Luca Turchetti
Artificial organs can be regarded as small-scale procedure vegetation, during which warmth, mass and momentum move operations and, potentially, chemical alterations are performed. This e-book proposes a singular research of synthetic organs in keeping with the common bottom-up technique utilized in procedure engineering. ranging from an outline of the basic physico-chemical phenomena all in favour of the method, the complete approach is rebuilt as an interconnected ensemble of elemental unit operations.
Each synthetic organ is gifted with a brief advent supplied by means of professional clinicians. units general in scientific perform are reviewed and their functionality is classified and in comparison through the use of a mathematical version established strategy. when mathematical modelling is a primary device for quantitative descriptions of scientific units, versions are stored easy to stay concerned with the fundamental positive factors of every process.
Postgraduate scholars and researchers within the box of chemical and biomedical engineering will locate that this e-book offers a unique and great tool for the research of current units and, in all probability, the layout of latest ones. This procedure can also be valuable for scientific researchers who are looking to get a deeper perception into the fundamental operating ideas of synthetic organs.
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Extra resources for Artificial Organ Engineering
Example text
In blood plasma, the high protein concentration (mainly albumin) results in an oncotic pressure of 25–30 mmHg that tends to draw water from the tissues into capillaries. 1 Flux Definitions Transmembrane differences in solute concentrations and hydrostatic pressure cause different types of fluxes across the membrane: • mass flux of each component, defined as the mass flow rate per unit surface area of the membrane; in particular, the solvent (water) flux, Jw , and the solute flux, Js , must be considered.
2 Definition of Mass Transport Coefficients 25 The mass transfer coefficients so defined must account for physical properties of the system (in particular, the diffusivity, DAB , fluid density, ρ, and viscosity, μ), and for the fluid motion. 3 Evaluation of Mass Transport Coefficient It is evident that, if the mass transport coefficient is known, the evaluation of the flux of A is straightforward, while all the procedure described in the previous section is useless if a method to calculate the mass transport coefficient is not available.
12) states that equilibrium conditions are given by the equality of each component chemical potentials in the two phases. , referring to the oxygen partial pressure in a gas phase in equilibrium with the blood. 4 The driving force can be expressed also in terms of the concentration of A in the liquid phase: no transfer occurs if cAL = cA∗ = f −1 (pA ), where f −1 stands for the inverse of the function f , and the driving force is a difference between cA and cA∗ ; absorption occurs if cA < cA∗ .