By Paul A. Iaizzo
This e-book covers the most recent details at the anatomic beneficial properties, underlying physiologic mechanisms, and coverings for ailments of the guts. Key chapters tackle animal versions for cardiac study, cardiac mapping platforms, heart-valve affliction and genomics-based instruments and know-how. once more, a spouse of supplementary movies supply designated insights into the operating middle that improve the certainty of key issues in the textual content. entire and state-of-the paintings, the instruction manual of Cardiac Anatomy, body structure and units, 3rd variation presents clinicians and biomedical engineers alike with the authoritative details and historical past they should paintings on and enforce tomorrow’s iteration of life-saving cardiac devices.
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Additional info for Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices
Sample text
The primary heart tube loops to the right of the embryo and bends to allow convergence of the inflow (venous) and outflow (arterial) ends between day 22 and day 28 of human development (Fig. 4). This process occurs prior to the division of the heart tube into four chambers and is required for proper alignment and septation of the mature cardiac chambers. During the looping process, the primary heart tube increases dramatically in length (by fourto fivefold) on both the outflow and inflow poles via the addition of progenitor cells originating from the SHF (pharyngeal mesoderm) [7–18].
This altered sensitivity may be due to: (1) a paucity of receptors, (2) sensitization to endogenous catecholamines at birth or with heart failure, or (3) some combination of these or additional factors. Due to this decreased responsiveness to beta-agonists, there are common requirements for higher doses of beta-agonist inotropic agents in newborns and infants. Note that alternative medications, including phosphodiesterase inhibitors, are often useful adjuncts to improve contractility in newborns with myocardial dysfunction [63].
5) [2, 38, 39]. CNC cells leave the neural tube during weeks 3–4 of human development and then migrate through aortic arches 3, 4, and 6 (Fig. 1b) and eventually into the developing outflow tract of the heart (during weeks 5–6). These cells are necessary for complete septation of the outflow tract and ventricles (completed by week 8 of human development), as well as the formation of the anterior parasympathetic plexus which contributes to cardiac innervation and regulation of heart rate [1, 2, 20, 38–42].