By Florence Peterson Kendall, Elizabeth Kendall McCreary
Notice: Scanned with OCR.
This popular vintage presents unheard of assurance of handbook muscle checking out, plus review and therapy of defective and painful postural stipulations. The completely up-to-date 5th version is totally reorganized and has new, multiplied therapy and workout sections in every one bankruptcy. different beneficial properties comprise a brand new part on post-polio syndrome, extra case stories evaluating Guillain-Barré to polio muscle exams, a brand new full-color layout, and a first-of-its-kind chart of higher extremity articulations.
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Additional info for Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain (5th Edition)
Sample text
At present, however, their usefulness in the clinic is limited. Problems occur both in testing muscle strength and in exercising. One problem with machines is providing adequate stabilization to control variables and to ensure the standardization of testing techniques. Tests by ma* chines lack specificity and substitution occurs. In addition to the high cost of the machines, setting up patients is time-consuming; both are important factors when considering cost-effectiveness of the testing procedures.
The amount of pressure varies with the age and the size of the patient, the part being tested and the leverage. If one extremity is unaffected, the examiner may use the strength in the unaffected extremity as an index for the patient's normal strength when testing the affected extremity. An examiner must build a basis for comparison of test results through experience in muscle testing. Such experience is necessary when testing both paralytic and normal individuals. For many, however, experience in muscle testing has been limited to the examination of patients with disease or injury.
E.. force per unit area;. the position of the examiner's hand in relation to the patient; in the direction of describes the direction of the force that is applied directly opposite the line of pull of the muscle or its tendon. In some of the illustrations of muscle tests, the examiner's hand has been held extended for the purpose of indicating, photographically, that the direction of pressure is perpendicular to the palmar surface of the hand. Pressure should be applied only in the direction indicated.