By Larry L. Barton, W. Allan Hamilton
The sulphate-reducing micro organism (SRB) are a wide team of anaerobic organisms that play a huge function in lots of biogeochemical tactics. not just are they of early origins within the improvement of the biosphere, yet their mechanisms of strength metabolism make clear the bounds of lifestyles strategies within the absence of oxygen. they're largely dispensed in nature, and are general elements of engineered platforms together with, for instance, petroleum reservoirs and oil construction amenities. SRB are at present topic to large genomic experiences, that are yielding clean knowing in their easy biochemical mechanisms, and assisting within the improvement of novel concepts for the analyses in their environmental roles. This quantity offers a well timed replace on those vital microorganisms, from easy technological know-how to purposes, and may as a result function a priceless source for researchers and graduate scholars within the fields of microbial ecology, microbial body structure, bioengineering, biogeochemistry and comparable components of environmental technology.
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Extra info for Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria: Environmental and Engineered Systems
Example text
Over 80 years the number of sulphate-reducing species remained small. The determination of the diversity and phylogenetic incoherence of sulphate- and sulphur-reducing bacteria coincided with the application of 16S rRNA oligonucleotide sequencing in the 1980s, reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in the late 1980s, and from 1990, the PCR-mediated amplification and sequencing techniques. Today, more than 120 species of 35 genera, belonging to 3 bacterial phyla and 1 archaeal phylum have been described and their metabolism elucidated.
The commensals frequently form catabolic end-products which can serve as good electron donors for the SRB. This is particularly important in the case of hydrogen. Oxidation by the SRB keeps the hydrogen partial pressure low such that the primary organisms may use Hþ as an electron acceptor and so be able to produce more oxidized carbon end-products in reactions which would otherwise be endergonic. The SRB and commensals thus derive mutual benefit from living together and generally form stable syntrophic associations in which cellular energetics become community energetics, and the rates of metabolism are controlled by the rates of interspecies transfer of reducing equivalents.
Widdel, F. and Pfennig, N. (1984). Dissimilatory sulphate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. In N. R. Krieg and J. G. ), Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins. pp. 663–79. Winogradsky, S. (1890). Recherches sur les organismes de la nitrification. Compt Rendue, 110, 1013–16. In T. D. ), Milestones in Microbiology: 1556 to 1940. ASM Press: Washington DC (1998). pp. 231–33. Yagi, T. and Ogata, M. (1996). Catalytic properties of adenylylsulphate reductase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki.