2-idempotent 3-quasigroups with a conjugate invariant by Ji L.

By Ji L.

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By Ji L.

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Extra info for 2-idempotent 3-quasigroups with a conjugate invariant subgroup consisting of a single cycle of length four

Example text

Prove the following: (a) 1 |Sn | c(α) = 1 + α∈Sn 1 1 + ··· + . 12]) 1 |Tn | n c(α) = α∈Tn k=1 n! nk (c) ([GM5, Corollary 1]) n c(α) = α∈IS n 1+ k=1 1 k |IS n−k |n(n − 1) · · · (n − k + 1). 23 Prove that the semigroup PT n is not self-dual for n > 1. 24 (a) Let α, β ∈ Tn . Show that we either have Sn αSn = Sn βSn , or Sn αSn ∩ Sn βSn = ∅. 38 CHAPTER 2. 12. Set t(α) = (t0 (α), t1 (α), . . , tn (α)) and call this vector the type of α. Show that Sn αSn = Sn βSn if and only if t(α) = t(β). 25 (a) Let α, β ∈ PT n .

18 ([GH1]) Prove that (a) IS n contains n! nilpotent elements of defect 1, (b) PT n contains n! nilpotent elements of defect 1. 19 ([LU1]) Let Nn denote the total number of nilpotent elements in the semigroup IS n . Prove that Nn = |IS n | − n|IS n−1 |, n > 1. 20 ([BRR]) Prove the following recursive relation (for n > 2): |IS n | = 2n|IS n−1 | − (n − 1)2 |IS n−2 |. 19 show that Nn = 0. 22 For α ∈ PT n denote by c(α) the number of connected components of the graph Γα . Prove the following: (a) 1 |Sn | c(α) = 1 + α∈Sn 1 1 + ··· + .

Hence a and a−1 is a pair of inverse elements. 24 CHAPTER 2. 1 Let a ∈ S be invertible. Show that VS (a) = {a−1 }. , VS (a) = ∅), then the element a is obviously regular. The converse is also true. 2 Let a ∈ S be regular and b ∈ S be such that aba = a. Then a and c = bab is a pair of inverse elements. Proof. Follows from the following computation aca = a · bab · a = aba · ba = aba = a cac = bab · a · bab = b · aba · bab = b · aba · b = bab = c. The semigroup S is called regular provided that every element of S is regular.

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