By Jayna L. Ditty, Shannon R. Mackey, Carl H. Johnson
Since the invention of circadian rhythms in cyanobacteria within the overdue Eighties, the sector has exploded with new details. The cyanobacterial version approach for learning circadian rhythms, "Synechococcus elongatus", has allowed an in depth genetic dissection of the bacterial clock as a result of tools at present on hand in molecular, structural, and evolutionary biology.
This publication addresses a number of features of bacterial circadian courses: the heritage and historical past of the cyanobacteria and circadian rhythms in microorganisms, the molecular foundation, constitution, and evolution of the circadian clock, entrainment of the oscillator with the surroundings and the keep watch over of downstream techniques via the clock, the demonstration of adaptive value and the prokaryotic clock’s extraordinary balance, and mathematical and artificial oscillator types for clock function.
Experts within the box offer a well timed and entire evaluation and a stepping-stone for destiny paintings in this extraordinary team of microorganisms and timing.
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Mesophilic cyanobacteria, like S. elongatus PCC 7942, can be identified essentially everywhere and have been isolated from most dry land ecosystems, including karst and travertine regions. Also, they flourish in benthic, limnetic, lotic, and pelagic fresh- and saltwater habitats (Paerl 1996; Carmichael et al. 1997; Martinez et al. 1997; Olson et al. 1998; Ostensvik et al. 1998; Richter et al. 1998; Sano et al. 1998; Atkins et al. 2001; Cuvin-Aralar et al. 2002; Frank 2002). S. elongatus PCC 7942, formerly known as Anacystis nidulans R2 and S.
Toxicon 29:479–489 Harada KI, Ohtani I, Iwamoto K, Suzuki M, Watanabe MF, Watanabe M, Terao K (1994) Isolation of cylindrospermopsin from a cyanobacterium Umezakia natans and its screening method. Toxicon 32:73–84 Inoue H, Tsuchiya T, Satoh S, Miyashita H, Kaneko T, Tabata S, Tanaka A, Mimuro M (2004) Unique constitution of photosystem I with a novel subunit in the cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421. FEBS Lett 578:275–279 Ito E, Takai A, Kondo F, Masui H, Imanishi S, Harada K (2002) Comparison of protein phosphatase inhibitory activity and apparent toxicity of microcystins and related compounds.
1999; Costa et al. 2001; Thomas 2001; Gorelova and Korzhenevskaia 2002; Guevara et al. 2002; Rikkinen et al. 2002; Wong and Meeks 2002; Douglas and Raven 2003). Recent work has even shown that many sponge-related compounds with activity against cancerous human cells are actually the products of the bacterial consortia living within those sponges (Wang 2006). Modern cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts are considered homologous. It is widely accepted that modern plastids evolved from a free-living cyanobacterium after its sequestration by a primitive eukaryotic-like cell (Cavalier-Smith 2002; Martin et al.