By Benjamin Reilly
A learn of how during which the democratizing states of Asia and the Pacific have controlled political swap, with specific concentrate on cutting edge reforms to democratic associations resembling electoral structures, political events and govt governments.
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Extra info for Democracy and Diversity: Political Engineering in the Asia - Pacific (Oxford Studies in Democratization)
Example text
But can democratic politics be engineered in the first place? Political Engineering A central theme of this book concerns the potential of ‘political engineering’: that is, the conscious design of political institutions to achieve certain specified objectives. A core premise of political engineering is that underlying problems of government stability and effectiveness in democratic systems can be addressed via the design of political institutions—parties, elections, presidents, parliaments, and so on.
Tension between ‘local’ and ‘migrant’ groups have often also been influential: between Islamic migrants and local Christians in Maluku; indigenous resistance to in-migrants from other Indonesian provinces in Papua; and Dyak attacks on Madurese migrants in Kalimantan, to name a few. Centre–periphery conflicts are common elsewhere in Southeast Asia as well. Secessionist struggles in the Philippines, for example, have centred on the predominantly Muslim southern islands of Mindanao and Sulu which stand apart from the Christian affiliation of the rest of the country.
34 For instance, the provision of public education, a classic form of public good, may be tilted towards the interests of one particular region or ethnic group, thus penalizing others. 35 The broader structure of government also plays a crucial role in determining the extent to which democracies can manage such grievances. 36 Majoritarian democracies are characterized by plurality or majority election laws, a few large political parties alternating in power, and governments composed of a single-dominant party.