By A L Kuhl; International Colloquium on Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems <12, 1989, Ann Arbor, Mich.>
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Extra resources for Dynamics of deflagrations and reactive systems : technical papers presented from the Twelfth International Colloquium on Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, July 1989
Example text
26 P. 43 700 600 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 Distance [m] Fig. 18 Variation of the quasi-detonation velocity in wheat dust-air mixture. 385 mm. Initiation by explosion of Hi-Oi mixture. I NI TI ATI 0 H TTO-FPPY JfiNJiKGY MO POWER DENSITY TEMPERATURE PRESSURE ( shock wave ) POSITION DUST r § ; SCALE GAS f cl jg § ! GEOMETRY ¥" DUST COMBUSTION (EXPLOSION) ««• INITIAL PRESSURE TEMPERATURE o « >* **& SURFACE QUALITY HO co« COP4 O P* w ; 0PM TURBULENCE OBSTACLES AGENTS VE1TT HOLES HEAT OP COffiUSTION SIZE VOLATILES D U S T HUMIDITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY P R O P E R T Y Fig.
Studies have also been made to induce turbulence in dust mixtures by jets^> and by obstacles. However, all these studies are on a qualitative basis. Recently, Kauffman et al. >" have attempted to quantify the influence of turbulence on burning velocity. The turbulence is controlled by the recirculation speed of the dust mixture inside a spherical vessel. The initial turbulence (prior to ignition) is measured and correlations with the burning velocity (or flame speed) were established. However, the burning velocity was not measured directly but is deduced from the pressure-time profile using standard theory of spherical flame propagation in a closed vessel.
Figure 7 shows some of the fine-scale structure of a dust flame. Part of the flame was photographed with the help of an interferometer and part by direct photography. In this picture we can see simultaneously the structure of the leading part of the flame and individually burning particles or particle agglomerations. In this case, the flame front is driven by the hot buoyant gases. The dust flame front 14 P. WOLAtiSKI Fig. 8 Direct photographs of dust flame in a glass tube of diameter 0, 16 m (frequency, 24 frames per second).