By Hakimeh Sadeghian, Zahra Savand-Roomi
This atlas of echocardiography provides greater than a hundred situations of grownup congenital middle disorder, from prognosis to therapy follow-up. The assurance is wide, encompassing atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, cyanotic grownup congenital middle affliction, and various different anomalies, in addition to findings on fetal echocardiography. for every disorder, all echocardiographic pictures and perspectives which proved of diagnostic worth are prepared sequentially, with inclusion of transesophageal echocardiographic photographs every time applicable. extra pertinent details is supplied with regards to analysis and therapy, and key educating issues are highlighted. the wonderful caliber of the illustrations and the variety of situations thought of (including many infrequent ones) make sure that this atlas can be of serious price for cardiology citizens and fellows and hugely correct to day by day perform.
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Additional info for Echocardiographic Atlas of Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Sample text
1 The subcostal four-chamber view illustrates multiple small defects (arrows) in the interatrial septum (IAS). LA left atrium, LV left ventricle, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle Fig. 3 An ASD (ostium secundum type) is detected near the aorta on TEE (0°) by some clockwise rotation. 1007/978-3-319-12934-1_8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Sadeghian, Z. 1007/978-3-319-12934-1_8, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 23 24 Case 8 Fenestrated Interatrail Septum “Swiss Cheese-like Atrial Septal Defect” Diagnosis The patient was diagnosed with a fenestrated IAS Swiss cheese-like ASD [18].
LA left atrium, RA right atrium Diagnosis The patient was diagnosed with an ASD (ostium secundum type) with another small defect in the IAS. Comment Considering the good size and rims of the larger ASD and the symptoms of the patient, a decision was made to perform the ASD device closure for the larger defect and not to intervene for the second smaller defect. Lesson Some types of multiple ASDs may be good candidates for device closure [18, 21]. If there is a large ASD (ostium secundum type) together with a very small defect, the first defect can be closed and the patient should be followed up for the smaller one because the defect is smaller than 5 mm.
4. Comment Medical treatment with bosentan and sildenafil was recommended for the patient and follow-up echocardiography [24–28]. 5. Lesson 1. When there is right ventricular free wall hypertrophy, there are two possible diagnoses: pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary hypertension. 2. On transthoracic echocardiography, the ASD flow is always red when there is a left-to-right shunt. The color 6. 7. blue in the ASD is in favor of the passage of blood from right to left and an increased PVR. It is said that patients with ASDs go toward Eisenmenger’s syndrome with lesser degrees of PAP.