By Chummy S. Sinnatamby FRCS
This local textbook of anatomy is geared toward trainee surgeons and clinical scholars. all through it truly is wealthy in utilized medical content material, wisdom of that's crucial for either medical exam and surgeries. even if nearby in technique each one bankruptcy is based to obviously clarify the constitution and serve as of the part structures. the writer brings his carrying on with event of training anatomy to trainee surgeons to make sure the contents displays the altering emphasis of anatomical wisdom now required.
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Additional resources for Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, 12e
Sample text
Deep grooves appear on the surface of the embryo at the intervals between the arches; these are the pharyngeal (or branchial) clefts. The fifth arch is rudimentary and only four clefts are visible. Outpouchings develop from the lining of the pharynx in between the arches and opposite the clefts: the pharyngeal (or branchial) pouches. The fourth and fifth pouches share a common opening into the lumen of the pharynx. In each arch a central bar of cartilage forms and muscle differentiates from the mesoderm around it.
16 An embryo at the beginning of the second week. The trophoblast has differentiated into an inner layer of cells with single nuclei (the cytotrophoblast) and an outer layer with multiple nuclei but without distinct cell boundaries (the syncytiotrophoblast). The parasympathetic root carries the preganglionic fibres from the cells of origin in a brainstem nucleus. This is the essential functional root of the ganglion; its fibres synapse in it, whereas the fibres of all other roots simply pass through the ganglion without synapse.
The trophoblast has differentiated into an inner layer of cells with single nuclei (the cytotrophoblast) and an outer layer with multiple nuclei but without distinct cell boundaries (the syncytiotrophoblast). The parasympathetic root carries the preganglionic fibres from the cells of origin in a brainstem nucleus. This is the essential functional root of the ganglion; its fibres synapse in it, whereas the fibres of all other roots simply pass through the ganglion without synapse. The sympathetic root contains postganglionic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion, whose preganglionic cell bodies are in the lateral grey horn of cord segments T1–3.