By Joao Seco, Frank Verhaegen
Modern melanoma therapy depends upon Monte Carlo simulations to aid radiotherapists and medical physicists larger comprehend and compute radiation dose from imaging units in addition to make the most 4-dimensional imaging facts. With Monte Carlo-based therapy making plans instruments now to be had from advertisement proprietors, a whole transition to Monte Carlo-based dose calculation equipment in radiotherapy may most probably happen within the subsequent decade. Monte Carlo concepts in Radiation Therapy explores using Monte Carlo equipment for modeling a variety of good points of inner and exterior radiation resources, together with gentle ion beams.
The book—the first of its kind—addresses functions of the Monte Carlo particle delivery simulation process in radiation treatment, regularly targeting exterior beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. It provides the mathematical and technical features of the tools in particle shipping simulations. The publication additionally discusses the modeling of clinical linacs and different irradiation units; matters particular to electron, photon, and proton ion beams and brachytherapy; and the optimization of remedy making plans, radiation dosimetry, and caliber assurance.
Useful to scientific physicists, graduate scholars, and researchers, this e-book presents an in depth, state of the art advisor to the basics, program, and customization of Monte Carlo recommendations in radiotherapy. via real-world examples, it illustrates using Monte Carlo modeling and simulations in dose calculation, beam supply, kilovoltage and megavoltage imaging, proton radiography, gadget layout, and lots more and plenty more.
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Extra info for Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy
Example text
4, many MC codes sample the multiple scattering angle at the end of the step, that is, the electron moves on a straight line until the final position and then it changes the direction due to multiple scatter. It is obvious that in this case, the electron distance is overestimated. 4, the real electron path is curved. Therefore, the real electron range is shorter if we assume that both electrons (the real electron and the CH electron) move with the same path length. Furthermore, the real electron range fluctuates around some mean value.
3. Electrons move in general on straight lines during the CH step. 5) between step limits. 4 Example of a simulated electron path using the CH technique and multiple scatter compared to a possible real electron path (or simulated using the analog technique). As a result of the CH transport, the simulated path length must be corrected and a transversal displacement has to be taken into account. 4, but this time the electron is simulated using the random hinge method. This way, path length corrections and transversal displacements are approximately taken into account.
Varfolomeev A. A. and Svetlolobov I. A. Monte Carlo calculations of electromagnetic cascades with account of the influence of the medium on bremsstrahlung. Sov. Phys. JETP, 36:1263– 1270, 1959. Verhaegen F. and Seuntjens J. Monte Carlo modelling of external radiotherapy photon beams. Phys. Med. , 48:R107– R164, 2003. Völkel U. Elektron-Photon-Kaskaden in Blei für Primärteilchen der Energie 6 GeV. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Report Number DESY-65/6, 1965 (English translation Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Report Number SLACTRANS-41, 1966.