By Joseph Gafaranga (auth.)
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Extra info for Talk in Two Languages
Sample text
B: hmm ino aha 3. A: order ita- udashobora gukoza ho n' umutwe w'urutoki 1. ) pre-determined system 2. B: Hmm over here 3. A: a system you cannot touch Briefly, other-languageness itself, and by implication its functionality, is a local accomplishment. Thus, from a functional perspective, the distinction code-switching vs code-mixing cannot be established a priori. It is a discoverable object. 3. Insertional vs alternationallanguage mixing Another distinction which is often made in language alternation studies is between 'insertional' and 'alternational' types.
A: a system you cannot touch Briefly, other-languageness itself, and by implication its functionality, is a local accomplishment. Thus, from a functional perspective, the distinction code-switching vs code-mixing cannot be established a priori. It is a discoverable object. 3. Insertional vs alternationallanguage mixing Another distinction which is often made in language alternation studies is between 'insertional' and 'alternational' types. This distinction is important because it is sometimes believed to relate in some ways to the one between mixing and switching (see above).
Poplack herself has come up with yet another category of language alternation, namely 'constituent insertion'. According to Poplack and Meechan (1995), constituent insertions are L2 multiword fragments which are 'incorporated unanalysed' into the discourse in Ll. Occurring at non-equivalence sites, constituent insertion imposes weaker constraints on the languages involved than switching under equivalence. While it too requires that the internal grammaticality of the switched fragment is preserved, for its placement it need only refer to the word order of the language into which it is inserted.