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Extra resources for The design and manufacture of medical devices
Sample text
These include replacement of joints and, recently, cardiovascular implants such as stents and artificial heart valves. With the next generation of implants, the long-term performance will be a critical issue (Bonfield and Tanner, 1998). It is highly desirable to ensure that the lifetime of the implanted device exceeds the life of the patient (Shi, 2006). 2 Classification of biomaterials Biomaterials can be defined either as passive biomaterials and active biomaterials. As the term implies, passive 3 The design and manufacture of medical devices biomaterials generally remain neutral in their biological environment and have no inherent power of action.
Artificial limbs and hearing aids are not normally considered as biomaterials, because they only come into contact with the skin and do not enter the internal environment or are not exposed to biological fluids. Further advances in biomaterials research will give rise to smart biomaterials that can interact with complex intelligent systems (Louise Cairns, 2006). Biomaterials include a wide range of materials, including biopolymers or bioplastics, bioceramics, metals and metal alloys, hydrogels, bio-adhesives and controlled drug delivery systems.
She has extensive experience in the medical device industry, specifically cardiovascular and hearing devices, in the development and assessment of materials and biocompatibility. Her biomaterials research includes assessment of plasma treatment technologies as an Honorary associate in the School of Physics, University of Sydney. Dr James has numerous publications and has generated patented IP for medical devices. Natalie L. James Cochlear Limited Macquarie University NSW 2109 AUSTRALIA Professor David R.