By Peter N. Stearns
For many years William L. Langer's best-selling ENCYCLOPEDIA of worldwide background was once the quintessential, authoritative advisor to all of human historical past. Now, below the path of a unique new editor, comes an up-to-date and dramatically more suitable model for a brand new iteration, the single encyclopedia of its sort with a bound-in, searchable compact disc of the entire textual content. the result's a totally available, soaking up canvas of worldwide background that no pupil, student, or beginner historian may be with out. well known historian Peter N. Stearns and thirty renowned historians have mixed their services during the last ten years to excellent this accomplished chronology of greater than 20,000 entries that span the millennia from prehistoric instances to the yr 2000. With a distinct structure that has gained it generations of lovers, the ENCYCLOPEDIA maintains to add chronological entries grouped by way of geographic quarter, permitting readers to get an in-depth view of precise occasions in addition to a digital time line of human heritage. yet this re-creation is far greater than a spread of a vintage; it displays very important fresh alterations in ancient tendencies and historic pondering. as well as showcasing conventional proof of nationwide management and nation energy, the Encyclopedia embraces social and cultural advancements, non-European heritage, women's background, faith, well-being, economics, expertise, and different important yet much less usually suggested points of the human drama. here's a chronicle not just of significant political occasions yet of normal humans, protecting shifts within the relationships among women and men, advancements in relaxation, and demographic currents. And for all classes there are summaries of worldwide advancements that can't be captured in nationwide or nearby frameworks. As editor Stearns notes in his preface, ''The global we all know traditionally has enormously replaced. The revisions that animate this variation rejoice this alteration, making the most of the labors of numerous venturesome students during the last a number of decades.'' A masterwork whose roots date again to the 19th century, this fascinating quantity belongs on the elbow of each heritage lover and of a person who has ever been excited by our regularly altering, remarkably varied human tale.
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They hypothesize that Homo sapiens sapiens evolved in Africa sometime between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, then spread to other parts of the Old World. Under this model, modern geographic populations are less than 100,000 years old. 2 These two models represent extremes, which pit advocates of anatomical continuity against those who believe there was population replacement. Each model is based on the minute study of human fossil remains, but the replacement theory also relies on studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
Line-of-sight, island-to-island voyaging was all that was needed to colonize these landmasses. It was to be many thousands of years before the peoples of the southwestern Pacific developed the agriculture, outrigger canoes, and the navigation skills needed to reach islands much farther offshore. 2 The first human settlement of Australia came at least 35,000 years ago, perhaps somewhat earlier: the dating is controversial. Hunter-gatherer groups, the ancestors of the modern aboriginal population, were dwelling as far south as Tasmania before 31,000 years ago.
After the Ice Age: Holocene Hunter-Gatherers (12,000 Years Ago to Modern Times) PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS · SUBJECT INDEX · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001. I. After the Ice Age: Holocene Hunter-Gatherers (12,000 Years Ago to Modern Times) Global warming began in earnest after about 15,000 years ago. The great ice sheets retreated irregularly from northern latitudes, ushering in Holocene times. Dramatic climatic and geographic changes ensued, as glaciers melted and sea levels rose irregularly toward modern levels.