The Institutionalization of Europe by Alec Stone Sweet, Wayne Sandholtz, Neil Fligstein

By Alec Stone Sweet, Wayne Sandholtz, Neil Fligstein

In 1950, a eu political area existed, yet in basic terms as a truly constrained website of overseas governance; this present day, the ecu Union governs in an ever-growing variety of coverage domain names. This publication presents an eye-opening account of the improvement of the eu Union, from a comparatively really good meeting of monetary cooperation to the advanced entity that governs at the present time.

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By Alec Stone Sweet, Wayne Sandholtz, Neil Fligstein

In 1950, a eu political area existed, yet in basic terms as a truly constrained website of overseas governance; this present day, the ecu Union governs in an ever-growing variety of coverage domain names. This publication presents an eye-opening account of the improvement of the eu Union, from a comparatively really good meeting of monetary cooperation to the advanced entity that governs at the present time.

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It means establishing rules and procedures where none existed before, and it means adapting them, periodically or on a relatively continuous basis. Though the products of innovation are at least partially unpredictable from initial conditions, it is still possible to construct causal, process-oriented, explanations of institutionalization. In order to do so, we suggest, explanations must contain a number of crucial elements. The analyst must identify the relevant actors in terms of their underlying interests and motivations—the micro level.

Whether we call them policy communities or networks, they produce rules. In addition, the analyst must identify the raw materials—existing rules, procedures, and organizational forms—that could be accessed by those who construct new institutional spaces—the macro level. Where in the institutional structure do actors seek to build new spaces? Are there existing norms, procedures, practices, and organizational forms that could be borrowed from other settings? We can take some cues in this respect from the ‘new institutionalism’ in organizational theory in sociology (Powell and DiMaggio 1991).

Unravelling institutions, let alone starting over again, can be costly or impossible to the extent that actors have invested resources, and adapted their routines, expectations, and relationships with one another, in step with how institutional arrangements have evolved. The path-dependent nature of institutions inevitably poses difficult questions bearing on method and research design. This project did not settle on one set of methods, nor did it impose a specific design. Instead, the group elaborated a set of basic, a priori, orientations to the problem of institutionalization, derived largely from institutionalist theory, and a set of questions that we left to the members of the group to answer in their own way.

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