By Monica H. Green
The Trotula used to be the main influential compendium on women's medication in medieval Europe. Scholarly debate has lengthy fascinated with the conventional attribution of the paintings to the mysterious Trotula, stated to were the 1st lady professor of medication in 11th- or twelfth-century Salerno, simply south of Naples, then the prime heart of clinical studying in Europe. but as Monica H. eco-friendly unearths in her creation to this primary version of the Latin textual content because the 16th century, and the 1st English translation of the booklet ever established upon a medieval kind of the textual content, the Trotula isn't really a unmarried treatise yet an ensemble of 3 autonomous works, each one by means of a unique writer. To various levels, those 3 works mirror the synthesis of indigenous practices of southern Italians with the recent theories, practices, and medicinal components popping out of the Arabic world.
Arguing that those texts may be understood in basic terms in the highbrow and social context that produced them, eco-friendly analyzes them opposed to the heritage of old gynecological literature in addition to present wisdom approximately women's lives in twelfth-century southern Italy. She examines the historical past and composition of the 3 works and introduces the reader to the clinical tradition of medieval Salerno from which they emerged. between her findings is that the second one of the 3 texts, "On the remedies for Women," does derive from the paintings of a Salernitan girl healer named Trota. in spite of the fact that, the opposite texts—"On the stipulations of Women" and "On Women's Cosmetics"—are most likely of male authorship, a truth indicating the complicated gender relatives surrounding the creation and use of data in regards to the lady body.
Through an exhaustive examine of the extant manuscripts of the Trotula, eco-friendly provides a serious version of the so-called standardized Trotula ensemble, a composite kind of the texts that was once produced within the mid-thirteenth century and circulated broadly in realized circles. The facing-page entire English translation makes the paintings available to a extensive viewers of readers drawn to medieval heritage, women's reports, and premodern platforms of clinical idea and practice.
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Additional info for The Trotula: A Medieval Compendium of Women's Medicine (The Middle Ages Series)
Example text
Later to be called the Articella (The little art), this corpus initially comprised five texts, among which were Constantine’s translations of Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s Isagoge (a short handbook that introduced the student to the most basic principles of medical theory) and the Hippocratic Aphorisms and Prognostics. 50 What is most distinctive about Salernitan medicine, however, is not the mere collection of these texts but the creation of pedagogical and investigative techniques of exegesis to study them: analytical glossing, often word by word, of the meaning and significance of terms and concepts; the identification of quaestiones, select topics on which there was controversy;51 and commentary.
105 The introduction of Galenic medicine into the West seems to have modified these views only slightly. The chief vehicle for Galen’s views in the twelfth century was, of course, Ibn al-Jazzār’s Viaticum. ’’ He added, however, the novel idea that rather than the sympathetic reaction between the womb and the upper respiratory organs that Galen had postulated, there was an actual physical transmission. Ibn al-Jazzār postulated that the putrefying menses and/or semen in the uterus produced ‘‘a cold vapor’’ that rose to the diaphragm.
68 Most of them can be situated at monasteries, all of which, notably, were male houses. 69 The extant manuscripts show, 6244 Green / THE “TROTULA” / sheet 35 of 319 Introduction nevertheless, that the medical literati of the ninth to eleventh centuries had a pronounced interest in gynecological matters. 70 Since many of these early medieval texts can also be documented in libraries of eleventh- and twelfth-century Italy, it is surprising how little influence they seem to have had on the Salernitan writings on women.