
By Michael J. Angilletta Jr.
Temperature profoundly affects either the phenotypes and distributions of organisms. those thermal results exert powerful selective pressures on behaviour, body structure and existence historical past whilst environmental temperatures differ over house and time. regardless of temperature's value, growth towards a quantitative conception of thermal model has lagged in the back of empirical descriptions of styles and procedures. during this publication, the writer attracts on idea from the extra basic self-discipline of evolutionary ecology to set up a framework for analyzing empirical experiences of thermal biology. This novel synthesis of theoretical and empirical paintings generates new insights concerning the means of thermal model and issues the way in which in the direction of a extra common concept. the specter of swift climatic switch on a world scale presents a stark reminder of the demanding situations that stay for thermal biologists and provides a feeling of urgency to this book's venture. Thermal variation will profit someone who seeks to appreciate the connection among environmental edition and phenotypic evolution. The booklet specializes in quantitative evolutionary types on the person, inhabitants and group degrees, and effectively integrates this thought with glossy empirical ways. through supplying a man-made assessment of evolutionary thermal biology, this obtainable textual content will attract either graduate scholars and tested researchers within the fields of comparative, ecological, and evolutionary body structure. it is going to additionally curiosity the wider viewers ecologists and evolutionary biologists who require a accomplished assessment of this subject, in addition to these researchers engaged on the utilized difficulties of neighborhood and international weather switch.
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Additional resources for Thermal Adaptation: A Theoretical and Empirical Synthesis
Example text
2007; Sears et al. 2004). An artificial neural network discovers the nonlinear relationship between a set of independent variables and a dependent variable. , linear, sigmoidal, and step functions). Parameterizing an artificial neural network involves a process that mimics learning by a brain (reviewed by Basheer and Hajmeer 2000; Lek and Guégan 1999). The basic structure of the model consists of three interconnected layers: an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer (Fig. 13). The input layer consists of independent variables, such as air temperature, wind speed, slope, aspect, and elevation.
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The evolution of thermal reaction norms can be explored through optimality models, quantitative genetic models, and allelic models. As we shall see, these models offer a wealth of predictions about thermal adaptation. The accuracy and generality of these models can be determined from direct measures of natural selection, experimental evolution in controlled environments, and comparative analyses of phenotypic variation. Before we begin to use these tools, we must familiarize ourselves with the thermal heterogeneity of natural environments.