By Professor Paul Cammack, Mr. David Pool, Professor William Tordoff
"A best introductory textual content for undergraduates... It has a lot sound, strong feel and balanced judgment to fit the several necessities of quite a lot of readers."--Third global Quarterly, reviewing the 1st edition.
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Example text
Dramatic increases in sugar production followed, taking output to 750 000 tons per year by 1900. On Sumatra, the large-scale introduction of The Heritage of the Past 31 tobacco after 1863 laid the basis for the East Coast Residency, a major source of varied agricultural exports thereafter. Dutch rulers responded to quickening development with the 'ethical policy' of basic welfare provision and Dutch-language education for sections of the elite. Initial tolerance of moderate opposition turned to repression as the nationalist movement grew in strength and shifted towards a policy of non-co-operation with the authorities.
The early mercantile development of Spain and Portugal had given them an initial advantage over other European powers in the area of trade and colonisation, but by the end of the eighteenth century the combined effect of economic backwardness and military overextension, resulting from the dogged attempt to sustain the Hapsburg empire across Europe, had greatly weakened Spain, while the extent of Portugal's overseas empire masked a chronic weakness at home. In the later eighteenth century, both Spain and Portugal were seeking to reorganise the administration and exploitation of their colonial possessions, but in the period of the Napoleonic Wars both countries suffered occupation and invasion, the temporary triumph of the Liberals over the monarchy, and the loss of their American possessions.
It resulted in the juxtaposition within the modern state of advanced economic regions, characterised perhaps by the mining of bauxite, copper and diamonds, or the growing of cash crops such as cocoa, coffee and tea, and deprived areas where the people eked out a meagre living on marginal, badly irrigated land. In these latter areas educational and health provision was inadequate. There was also a sharp rural-urban divide, accentuated as more and more rural dwellers migrated to the towns in search of jobs.