By John W. Humphrey
Since precedent days, technological advances have elevated man's probabilities for survival. From the practicality of a Roman aqueduct to the paintings of the written be aware, guy has consistently tailored his surroundings to fulfill his wishes, and to supply himself with sustenance, convenience, convenience, relaxation, the next caliber of dwelling, and a thriving tradition. This concise reference resource takes a better examine six technological occasions that considerably impacted the evolution of civilization, from the Palaeolithic age to the peak of the Roman Empire. As he touches at the universal parts of historic technology—energy, machines, mining, metallurgy, ceramics, agriculture, engineering, transportation, and communication—Humphrey asks questions primary to figuring out the influence of old instruments at the sleek global: What activates switch? What cultural traditions inhibit switch? What impact do those adjustments have on their societies and civilization?
Humphrey explores applied sciences as either actual instruments and as extensions of the human physique, starting with the discovery of the Greek alphabet and together with such accomplishments as early Neolithic plant cultivation, the discovery of coinage, the construction of the Parthenon, and Rome's city water process. special line drawings of instruments and machines make historic mechanics extra simply available. basic files, word list, biographies, and a timeline courting from the Palaeolithic age to the Roman Empire around out the paintings, making this a great reference resource for knowing the instruments of the traditional world.
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Extra info for Ancient Technology
Example text
So our Greek sources dismiss the achievements of their eastern neighbors and predecessors, though they were often more technologically advanced; and the Romans, who had all the benefits of a world empire, still found their ideal in the traditional Italian landscape. The ancients were, it seems, pessimistic by nature. E. poet Hesiod onward, they viewed the past as a glorious age for humankind, and railed against the mores of their own time. So iron is base and common when compared to gold, despite the significant advantages it bestowed on Hesiod and his descendants.
These devices allowed people to transmit power over a short distance, to change the direction of the power, or to multiply it through mechanical advantage. 1 hp. After animals had been domesticated in the Neolithic Age first as a food supply, they later came to be used as a source of energy, either as beasts of burden and draft animals or to power mechanical devices. In the Mediterranean region oxen were most commonly used for such purposes, since they were economical if slow; the horse (always considered a noble beast) was used only for transporting light loads (like cavalrymen); while donkeys and mules were assigned to pulling carts and turning rotary mills.
Poetry. E. Archaeological Excavation Archaeology is perhaps the most productive source of information about the technologies of the ancients, since it is through archaeology that we can study the physical activities of the ancients through the built remains of their cities and villages, as well as obtain actual samples of the products created by them. Though the recovery and study of ancient artifacts is centuries old, the early collection of ancient sculpture taken indiscriminately from random and unrecorded exploration of ancient sites like Italian Pompeii has little to do with the modern ‘‘science’’ of archaeology.