By Mircea Steriade
Traditional knowledge assumes that sleep is a resting country of the mind, with negligible job of cortical neurons. the following, the writer brings new proof favoring the concept that in the course of sleep, reminiscence strains obtained whereas conscious are consolidated. Mircea Steriade specializes in the coalescence of other sleep rhythms in interacting corticothalamic networks and on 3 varieties of paroxysmal problems: spike-wave seizures as in absence epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut seizures, and temporal-lobe epilepsy. Many physiological correlates of waking and sleep states in addition to diversified different types of epileptic seizures also are mentioned.
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Extra info for Neuronal Substrates of Sleep and Epilepsy
Example text
To determine the proportions of different discharge patterns of various neuronal classes under different experimental conditions, a sample of 120 neurons, which were selected because depolarizing current pulses could be applied in chronically implanted animals during the steady state of quiet waking without phasic motor events [14], was compared with more than 1000 intracellularly recorded neurons recorded from intact cortex under anesthesia [11, 21, 39, 40] and with 160 intracellularly recorded neurons from small isolated cortical slabs in vivo [41].
4 ms) action potentials and tonic firing without frequency adaptation (like FS-firing cells), conventionally regarded as local-circuit GABAergic neurons, were actually identified as long-axoned, corticothalamic cells (Fig. 2A). An adding factor against this strict classification is the transformation of firing patterns in the same cortical neuron. Thus, the same intracellularly recorded and stained corticothalamic neuron, or local-circuit sparsely spiny basket (presumably inhibitory) interneuron, may pass from an RS to an FRB and eventually an FS firing pattern by increasing the strength of the depolarizing current pulse (Fig.
How can these differences be explained? The increased proportion of FS (presumably inhibitory) neurons may be due to the transformation of other firing patterns into that of FS cells. Such a transformation, from FRB-type to FS-type firing pattern, by increasing the level of depolarization, is depicted in Figs. 4. This is conceivable because FS neurons have been implicated in the generation of fast (20–40 Hz) rhythms [43], which characterize the spontaneous activity in the waking state and during high alertness, states of network activity that are accompanied by depolarized levels of membrane potential.