By Alan H. Sommerstein, Isabelle C. Torrance
The oath used to be an establishment of primary significance throughout a variety of social interactions in the course of the historical Greek global, creating a an important contribution to social balance and concord; but there was no complete, committed scholarly research of the topic for over a century. This quantity of a two-volume research explores how oaths functioned within the operating of the Greek city-state (polis) and in relatives among varied states in addition to among Greeks and non-Greeks
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Crucial is surely the judgement that he left the ranks – given that he had already stood accused of violating his oath to stand by his officers and fight and die, an accusation of having left his commanders again would have ruined any chance that the Spartans might think Aristodemus was brave rather than desperate. That Lycurgus prosecuted Leocrates for cowardice and made such strong reference to his violation of the ephebic oath may be a sign that the philo-Laconian orator wanted to employ a very Spartan-style interpretation of the Athenian laws.
48 Siewert 1977, 109. Kellogg (2008, 356) points out that Enyalios rarely figures as an independent deity in the Classical period, and is more typically used as an epithet for Ares, and follows Robert (1938) in seeing Thallo and Auxo as a sign of the antiquity of the oath. 49 Mikalson 2005, 143. When discussing these ‘deities’ Cole (2004, 29) observes that communities shared the food of a common soil and water from a common source, and suggests that the produce of the land invoked here represent these common food sources.
71 Tritle 2007, 182. 5 Citizenship oaths in new states 29 dismissal of his bravery might be petty jealousy. W. Mason, in which the protagonist is given four white feathers as a token of cowardice by his friends and fiancée, but redeems himself in their eyes through acts of extreme bravery. But the stigma of being a trembler was far worse than receiving a white feather from one’s friends and loved ones. The Spartans understood that Aristodemus wanted to die because he was irredeemably tainted by his failure to fight until he died alongside his fellow citizens at Thermopylae.