By Joseph L. Peyser
In 1754, Charles de Raymond, chevalier of the Royal and armed forces Order of Saint Louis and a captain within the Troupes de los angeles Marine wrote a daring, candid, and revealing reveal; at the French colonial posts and settlements of recent France. On the Eve of the Conquest, greater than an annotated translation, features a dialogue at the ancient history of the beginning of the French and Indian conflict, in addition to a concise biography of Raymond and Michel Le Courtois de Surlaville, the military colonel on the French courtroom to whom the file used to be despatched. The occasions surrounding Raymond's debatable 12 months as commandant of the put up (now fortress Wayne, Indiana) in 1749-50, his disputed bear in mind via Governor basic Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de l. a. Jonquier, and the following friction among los angeles Jonquiere's successor, Ange de Menneville Duqesne, and Raymond are provided intimately and illustrated through translations in their correspondence.
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4 (December 1984): 475-510. 21. , C l1 A 67: 204r-204v. For the diverse impact of the Oswego post on the Iroquois, see Francis Jennings, Empire if Fortune: Crowns, Colonies, and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America (New York: W. W. , 1988), 74-75; Francis Jennings, Ambiguous Iroquois Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation if Indian Tribes with English Colonies from Its Beginnings to the Lancaster Treaty if 1744 (New York: W. W. , 1984), 298-300; and Daniel K. Richter, The Ordeal if the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era if European Colonization (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992), 248-54.
Niagara was one of three king's posts, the other two being Detroit and Fort Frontenac, where the king retained the trading privilege in order to keep the cost of trade goods low enough to compete with the English post of Oswego J. Eccles, The Canadian Frontier, 1534-1760, rev. ed. [Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983], 146). 7. , C11E 13:221-22). 8. For an explanation of the staff rank of major in New France, see Rene Chartrand, Canadian Military Heritage, 3 vols. (Montreal: Art Global, 1993-), 1:107-8.
The seigneur with rights of middle jurisdiction (moyenne justice) had authority to adjudicate civil actions in which no more than the sum of 60 sols was in dispute (see note 4, following, for an explanation of the monetary units in New France), and criminal cases "in which the awardable penalty did not exceed the same sum" (150). The judicial authority of those seigneurs having the rights of low jurisdiction (basse justice) was limited to petty civil cases amounting to no more than 60 sols and criminal cases in which a penalty could not exceed 10 sols (150).